If you have an external disk that's not showing up, unplug the disk, plug it back in, and then select Action > Rescan Disks. It's best to just leave them alone to do their job of starting your PC and helping you recover from problems. These partitions are full of important files that your PC needs to operate properly. Ignore any partitions that are listed as EFI System Partition or Recovery Partition. Don't do this step if you're trying to recover files from this partition. Then select New Simple Volume and follow the instructions to create a volume in the free space. If the partition is listed as Unallocated and you know that the partition is empty, select and hold (or right-click) the unallocated partition.Formatting a disk erases all data on it, so don't do this step if you're trying to recover files from the disk. If a partition doesn't have a file system (it's listed as RAW instead of NTFS, ReFS, FAT32, or exFAT) and you know that the disk is empty, select and hold (or right-click) the partition and select Format.If a partition has a file system, but no drive letter (for example, E:), see Change a drive letter to manually add a drive letter.If the disk appears in Disk Management as Online, and has a primary partition that's listed as Healthy, as shown here, that's a good sign. If it displays Offline as shown below, right-click on the Offline disk and select Online. At this point, maybe update your backups. If the disk works after you've completed one of these steps, don't bother with the remaining ones. The following are some steps to try to get it working again. There's only so much you can do to fix a failing disk. There are many reasons a disk or memory card might be missing or fail to initialize, but the most common reason is that the disk is failing. Or maybe you have a disk full of important files that you don't want the initializing process to erase. But there's a good chance you've already tried this approach, and it didn't work. For more information, see Initialize new disks. Solution: If the drive is new and just needs to be initialized, the solution is to initialize the disk. It's also possible that the disk is having hardware problems or other issues as described further on in this article. It's either because the disk was never initialized and formatted, or the drive formatting has become corrupted somehow. If you don't see the disk in File Explorer and it's listed in Disk Management as Not Initialized, the disk might not have a valid disk signature.
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